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Kisah Rimba dan Ancaman Bagi Owa Siamang di Alam

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#KawanOwa masih ingat Rimba?

Rimba adalah owa siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) asal Sumatra yang menjadi korban perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal satwa liar. Rimba diselamatkan dan mulai direhabilitasi di pusat rehabilitasi IAR Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Karena owa siamang ini datang saat Hari Rimbawan (16 Maret 2020), ia pun dinamakan Rimba. 

Rimba merupakan satu dari sekian banyak korban perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal satwa liar di Indonesia. Perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal ini merupakan ancaman bagi kehidupan owa di alam. Biasanya owa muda yang masih lucu diburu untuk kemudian dijual, umumnya dijadikan peliharaan. 

Rimba diberikan nutrisi oleh tim medis di Pusat Rehabilitasi IAR Indonesia. Foto : Denny Setiawan/IAR Indonesia

Mirisnya, untuk mendapatkan owa muda ini, sang induk akan dibunuh terlebih dahulu. Kematian induknya menyebabkan owa tersebut harus tumbuh besar tanpa asuhan induk mereka. Padahal, owa muda masih butuh asuhan induk hingga berumur dua tahun.

Baca juga : Makanan ini Ternyata Disukai Owa Siamang

Selain ancaman perburuan dan perdagangan ini, ada juga beberapa ancaman untuk kehidupan owa siamang yang disebabkan oleh manusia loh! Diantaranya adalah berkurangnya tutupan lahan hutan dan kebakaran hutan.

Berkurangnya tutupan lahan yang terjadi karena alih fungsi lahan hutan dapat menyebabkan owa kehilangan tempat hidup dan beraktivitas. Padahal owa siamang termasuk dalam kategori hewan arboreal, yaitu hewan yang sebagian besar hidupnya dihabiskan di atas pepohonan.

Rimba saat berada di dalam kandang rehabilitasi. Foto : Denny Setiawan/IAR Indonesia

Aktivitas owa di pohon, seperti makan buah dan berayun dari pohon ke pohon lainnya, dapat membantu penyebaran biji tumbuhan. Penyebaran biji ini dapat terjadi melalui biji pohon yang jatuh ketika owa berayun, juga melalui feses owa. Feses owa dapat mengandung biji dari buah yang dikonsumsinya. Akibat hilangnya pepohonan ini, owa tidak dapat membantu regenerasi alami hutan untuk jangka panjang.

Baca juga : Jenis Owa di Sumatera – Mengenal Owa Serudung dan Bilau

Selain itu, adanya pembakaran hutan yang kerap kali dilakukan untuk pembukaan lahan akan memberikan banyak dampak negatif bagi habitat owa. Asap yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran hutan dapat menghambat owa mengeluarkan suara atau nyanyian mereka yang khas. Owa dikenal memiliki kebiasaan saling bersahut-sahutan saat pagi hari atau morning call. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan owa dan pasangannya untuk menjaga teritori dari pengganggu. 

Ancaman-ancaman tersebut akan mengganggu kesejahteraan dan populasi owa siamang di alam. Owa yang statusnya sudah terancam punah atau endangered ini pun akan semakin berkurang populasinya di alam. Berkurangnya populasi owa juga akan mengancam terhambatnya regenerasi hutan secara jangka panjang, karena peran owa sebagai penyebar benih pun akan berkurang.

Oleh karena itu, jangan pelihara owa, biarkan ia hidup di habitat asalnya sebagaimana mestinya! 

—

Tulisan ini dibuat oleh Fathia Rosatika, Mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)

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