Owa dan Monyet: Apa Bedanya?

Mungkin masih banyak di antara kita yang mengira bahwa ‘owa’ dan ‘monyet’ adalah dua satwa yang sama. Faktanya, kedua satwa tersebut memang masuk dalam ordo primata. Namun, keduanya memiliki banyak perbedaan yang cukup signifikan seperti ciri fisik, pergerakan, sosial serta komunikasi. 

Mari kita jelajahi perbedaan owa dan monyet dari berbagai aspek;

  1. Perbedaan ekor owa dan monyet 

Walaupun owa  dan monyet bisa hidup berdampingan. Namun, dari segi fisik owa tidak memiliki ekor, sedangkan monyet memiliki ekor yang berfungsi untuk membantu keseimbangan saat bergerak di atas pepohonan. Ini adalah salah satu ciri fisik yang paling mencolok untuk membedakan antara owa dan monyet.

  1. Bentuk dan ukuran tubuh 

Secara umum, bentuk tubuh dan rangka tulang owa lebih mendekati bentuk dan rangka tubuh manusia, dibandingkan monyet. Owa memiliki ukuran tubuh yang ramping dan lengan yang lebih panjang dibandingkan kaki agar memudahkan primata ini saat berayun di antara pepohonan. Sementara itu, bentuk tubuh monyet lebih kecil dengan proporsi lengan dan kaki yang seimbang.

  1. Pergerakan

Uniknya meski sama-sama hidup di pohon, keduanya memiliki perbedaan saat bergerak dari satu pohon ke pohon lainnya dalam pergerakan. Owa umumnya akan berpindah menggunakan lengan panjang mereka untuk berayun dari cabang ke cabang yang disebut ‘brakiasi’. Sedangkan monyet bergerak melewati pepohonan dengan berlari sepanjang cabang pohon dan melompat.

  1. Sosial dan Komunikasi

Kemampuan sosial dan komunikasi owa dan monyet menunjukkan adaptasi yang berbeda berdasarkan kebutuhan ekologis dan sosial mereka. Owa, dengan ikatan pasangan monogami dan vokalisasi duet mereka, menunjukkan bentuk komunikasi yang sangat teritorial dan setia. Nyanyian owa sangat beragam dan dapat terdengar hingga 2 kilometer.

Di sisi lain, monyet juga memiliki kemampuan komunikasi dan sosial yang beragam, termasuk vokalisasi, gestur, dan ekspresi wajah. Mereka sering berinteraksi secara sosial dan memiliki hierarki yang kompleks dalam kelompok, seperti ; Hierarki dominasi pada monyet jantan ditentukan oleh umur, kepemilikan dalam kelompok, kemampuan berkelahi ; sementara betina menggunakan status yang sama dengan induk mereka. 

Dengan memahami perbedaan ini bisa membantu kita mengenali dan menghargai keanekaragaman hayati yang ada. Selain itu, perbedaan ini juga memberikan wawasan yang lebih dalam tentang adaptasi primata. Jadi, saat kamu bertemu dengan primata di hutan atau kebun binatang, kamu sekarang bisa  lebih percaya diri untuk membedakan antara owa atau monyet!

Sumber : 

  • Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah, et al. “Genetic characterization of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on Tabuan Island Indonesia.” Primates 42 (2001): 141-152.
  • Haimoff, Elliott H., et al. “A phylogeny of gibbons (Hylobates spp.) based on morphological and behavioral characters.” Folia Primatologica 39.3-4 (1982): 213-237.
  • Darmono Ge, et al.  Struktur Sosial Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk, Jakarta Utara. (2020).

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