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owa jawa suara

Gunakan Suara, Cara Owa Jawa Pertahankan Daerah Kekuasaannya

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Dikenal memiliki suara nyaring, ternyata owa pergunakan suara panggilan atau vokalisasi untuk menunjukkan daerah kekuasaannya pada kelompok owa lain maupun predator.

Suara panggilan owa umumnya dilakukan pada waktu pagi hari. Panggilan pagi hari atau morning call sering dikeluarkan oleh owa jawa betina untuk memberitahukan keberadaan sarangnya. Sementara owa jawa jantan jarang mengeluarkan suara untuk menyimpan energi. Owa betina memiliki peran lebih besar dalam mempertahankan daerah kekuasaan.

Sebagai satwa dengan sifat sosial yang tinggi dan hidup berkelompok, owa jawa membentuk daerah kekuasaan untuk bertahan hidup. Daerah kekuasaan dipertahankan satu keluarga owa untuk mengurangi kompetisi antar kelompok akan kebutuhan pakan, mempertahankan pasangan dan keamanan sarang. Daerah kekuasaan satu kelompok owa memiliki luas sekitar 20 – 40 hektar.

Baca juga : Asal Kata Owa dalam bahasa Inggris Akhirnya Ditemukan

Kejar-kejaran demi daerah kekuasaan

Ketika ada gangguan dari kelompok lain, owa akan mengeluarkan suara untuk mengusir pendatang. Apabila pendatang masih belum pergi, owa akan mendatangi kelompok lain hingga terjadi kejar-kejaran. Saat terjadi kejar-kejaran, owa jantan akan berada di depan sambil melindungi pasangan dan anaknya.

Selain menggunakan suara, perilaku saling kejar juga dilakukan owa saat menentukan daerah kekuasaan. Dalam penelitian teritori owa jawa di Taman Nasional Halimun-Salak, penentuan kepemilikan daerah kekuasaan dilakukan oleh kelompok yang mengejar. Kelompok yang kemudian menjauh lebih dari 50m dianggap kalah dan harus mencari daerah kekuasaan lain.

Sementara, owa kalimantan memiliki 2 area penting dalam daerah kekuasaannya, yaitu area pusat (core) dan area jelajah. Dalam penelitian di Kalimantan Tengah, area pusat digunakan owa untuk membangun sarang, sementara area jelajah digunakan primata ini untuk mencari pakan. Kadang area ini bertumpang tindih dengan daerah kekuasaan owa lain. Umumnya area dengan ketersediaan makanan yang melimpah dipertahankan secara aktif oleh kelompok owa.

Sayangnya, dengan banyaknya pembukaan lahan hutan untuk pembangunan serta deforestasi mengancam keberadaan owa-owa ini. Padahal owa membutuhan lahan yang luas untuk menyediakan kebutuhan sehari-hari, contohnya makanan, sarang dan perlindungan dari ancaman predator, seperti macan tutul dan manusia. Dengan terganggunya hutan, maka potensi owa untuk bertahan hidup akan terus berkurang.

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