Jadi beberapa hari lalu, warga yang lagi melewati Jalan Lintas Sumatera dikagetkan dengan seekor owa ungko (Hylobates agilis) yang tersengat arus listrik. Diketahui owa tersebut hendak berpindah ke pohon yang lain. Namun naasnya, owa tersebut malah tersengat arus listrik.
Kasus owa tersengat listrik ini ternyata bukan hal yang pertama kali terjadi. Bahkan, kasus owa tersengat listrik sempat terjadi di Kawasan Taman Nasional Halimun Salak, dikutip dari jurnal penelitian berjudul “Cases of fatal electrocution of the endangered Javan Gibbon (Mammalia: Primates: Hylobatidae) by power lines.”
Foto: Soojung Ham
Hasil kajian dari Yoonjung. Y, et.al, (2020) menyebutkan kebiasaan owa yang bergelantung, melompat dari satu pohon ke pohon lain serta menghabiskan waktunya di kanopi pohon membuat owa sangat rentan terhadap risiko tersengat arus listrik.
Hal ini terjadi seiring dengan meningkatnya laju pertumbuhan populasi manusia dan kebutuhan infrastruktur seperti jalan dan jaringan listrik. Lintasan jaringan listrik di wilayah yang berdekatan dengan habitat owa dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap satwa. Kalau kata riset dari Smith et.al, (2017), owa akan punah dalam 100 tahun ke depan jika ancaman seperti perburuan, penggundulan hutan, dan pembangunan infrastruktur listrik terus terjadi di area habitat owa.
Ancaman terhadap Kesehatan dan Keselamatan owa?
Jadi gini #KawanOwa, Satwa arboreal memiliki peluang yang relatif rendah terhadap ancaman di daratan, seperti misalnya tertabrak kendaraan. Namun, jaringan listrik yang mudah dijangkau oleh kawanan owa dapat mengancam kesehatan dan keselamatan mereka. Primata ini dapat mengalami risiko cedera serius akibat listrik, seperti luka bakar, hingga kematian. Ancaman ini dapat mempengaruhi penurunan jumlah individu pada populasi owa yang tersisa.
Dari hasil kajian Kumar, et.al, (2015) dilaporkan 32-42% dari satwa yang tersengat listrik berakhir kematian. Selain itu, dari keseluruhan kasus sengatan listrik pada Macaca sp. di Kenya tahun 1998 hingga 2019, sebanyak 73% diantaranya juga berujung pada kematian
Apakah Kasus Tersengat Listrik Dapat Mengancam Ekosistem?
Ternyata, kasus sengatan listrik berpotensi mengancam kelangsungan ekosistem hutan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena berkurangnya populasi satwa yang berperan dalam ekosistem. Misal, berkurangnya populasi owa dapat menurunkan kemampuan hutan dalam beregenerasi karena peran owa dalam menyebarkan biji di dalam hutan.
Selain owa, kasus sengatan listrik juga terjadi pada primata lainnya. Contohnya, kukang. Primata yang lamban dan aktif di malam hari ini juga kerap tersengat arus listrik. Dikutip dari kukangku, sebanyak 1200 kukang tersengat di kawasan Lampung di tahun 2020 – 2022 seperti dilaporkan oleh PLN.
Kasus kematian kukang karena jaringan listrik dapat mengancam kelangsungan ekosistem. Karena di alam, kukang berperan sebagai penyerbuk tanaman, dan mengontrol hama jenis serangga. Jika populasi kukang di alam menurun maka jumlah hama di alam akan meningkat dan hama akan sulit terkontrol.
Saat ini pemerintah Indonesia berusaha melindungi populasi owa agar tetap terjaga dengan memasukkan primata ini ke dalam daftar satwa yang dilindungi dalam Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No.P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 Tentang jenis tumbuhan dan satwa yang dilindungi.
Referensi :
- Sumber : Yoonjung. Y, Soojung. H, Rahayu. O, Mia. C. D, Muhammad. N, Ani. M, & Jae. C | 2020 | Cases of fatal electrocution of the endangered Javan Gibbons (Mammalia: Primates: Hylobatidae) by power lines.
- https://kukangku.id/ribuan-mati-tersetrum-kukang-terancam-jaringan-listrik/
- https://ksdae.menlhk.go.id/assets/news/peraturan/P.20_Jenis_TSL_.pdf
- Smith, J.H., T. King, C. Campbell, S.M. Cheyne & V. Nijman (2017). Modeling Population Viability of Three Independent Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) Populations on Java, Indonesia.Folia Primatologica 88(6): 507–522
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